FocusHope amid distress
Micah 5:2
KJVBut thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting.
This opening unit introduces the chapter’s movement. Promises concerning Zion and the ruler from Bethlehem appear alongside conflict and purification, carrying hope beyond the announced judgment.
- 5:1 Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he hath laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon the cheek.
- 5:2 But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting.
- 5:3 Therefore will he give them up, until the time that she which travaileth hath brought forth: then the remnant of his brethren shall return unto the children of Israel.
- 5:4 And he shall stand and feed in the strength of the LORD, in the majesty of the name of the LORD his God; and they shall abide: for now shall he be great unto the ends of the earth.
- 5:5 And this man shall be the peace, when the Assyrian shall come into our land: and when he shall tread in our palaces, then shall we raise against him seven shepherds, and eight principal men.
- 5:6 And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver us from the Assyrian, when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth within our borders.
Who
- Who wrote the book? Micah of Moresheth is the named prophet and traditional author. Biblical references: Micah 1:1. stated in the text
- Who was present or being addressed in this passage? In the surrounding chapter context (Micah 4:1–5:15): Zion and the people of Israel are addressed through promises and warnings involving the nations and Israel's coming ruler. stated in the text
- Who was the book written to? Samaria and Jerusalem, including their rulers, prophets, and people, with an appeal heard by the wider nations. Biblical references: Micah 1:1; Micah 1:2; Micah 3:1. stated in the text
What
- What is the topic of this reading unit? A Ruler from Bethlehem. Read Micah 5:1 through Micah 5:6 as a connected unit. interpretation
- How does it contribute to the book? This opening unit introduces the chapter’s movement. Promises concerning Zion and the ruler from Bethlehem appear alongside conflict and purification, carrying hope beyond the announced judgment. interpretation
When
- When are the events or message set? Micah's opening names the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. The book announces both judgment and later hope. book background
Where
- What is the book’s geographic setting? The vision concerns Samaria and Jerusalem and includes references to towns of Judah, Zion, and Bethlehem. book background
- Where does the context start? This passage sits in A Ruler from Bethlehem (Micah 5:1 to Micah 5:6). Start reading at Micah 5:1. An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
How
- How does this book connect with Jesus Christ? Matthew cites the Bethlehem ruler passage in the account of Jesus' birth. Keep the surrounding themes of judgment, shepherding, and peace in view when making that connection. See Micah 5:2, Matthew 2:5, Matthew 2:6. interpretation
- How should this book guide our response? Practice justice, mercy, and humble walking with God. Read that appeal within the covenant case rather than reducing it to a slogan detached from the book's accusations. interpretation
Cited: Micah 5:1, Micah 5:6, Micah 5:2, Matthew 2:5, Matthew 2:6
Who wrote it, and how we know
Old Testament prophecy and New Testament fulfillment
The notes distinguish explicit fulfillment statements from other explicit New Testament applications. They do not assume every detail of the surrounding prophecy has already been fulfilled.
The ruler from Bethlehem
NT explicitly applies this passage
- Old Testament: Micah 5:2–5 (current passage)
- New Testament: Matthew 2:1–6
Related passages
- But thou Matt 2:6 John 7:42
- Ephratah Gen 35:19 Gen 48:7
- Ephrath Ruth 4:11 1 Sam 17:12 1 Chr 2:50-51,54 1 Chr 4:4 Ps 132:6
- among 1 Sam 10:19 1 Sam 23:23
- thousands Exod 18:21,25 Deut 1:15 1 Sam 8:12 1 Sam 17:18
- yet Isa 11:1 Isa 53:2 Ezek 17:22-24 Amos 9:11 Luke 2:4-7 1 Cor 1:27-28
- that is Gen 49:10 1 Chr 5:2 Isa 9:6-7 Jer 13:5-6 Ezek 34:23-24 Ezek 37:22-25 Zech 9:9 Matt 28:18
- whose Ps 90:2 Ps 102:25-27 Prov 8:22 John 1:1-3 Col 1:17 Heb 13:8 1 John 1:1 Rev 1:11-18
Cross references from CrossReferences-org (CC BY 4.0).
Macro-Structure
See how this passage fits the chapter and the book.
Macro-Structure of Micah 5
The Remnant of Jacob
Micah 5:7–15FocusHope amid distress
Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.
Macro-Structure of Micah
The cities and leaders judged
Micah 1:1–3:12FocusExploitation and corrupt leadership
FocusHope amid distress
The covenant case and concluding hope
Micah 6:1–7:20FocusFaithfulness, confession, and mercy
Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.