Arrival and the temple
Matthew 21:1–17FocusThe king and His house
Connection to the wholeJesus enters Jerusalem, acts in the temple, and receives praise, intensifying the question of His authority.
interpretation Matthew 21:33
KJVHear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country:
Read it in context
Two sons and the tenants
Start reading at Matthew 21:28 (Matthew 21:28 to Matthew 21:46).
An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
The parables expose the difference between profession and obedience and the rejection of the owner's messengers and son.
- 21:28 But what think ye? A certain man had two sons; and he came to the first, and said, Son, go work to day in my vineyard.
- 21:29 He answered and said, I will not: but afterward he repented, and went.
- 21:30 And he came to the second, and said likewise. And he answered and said, I go, sir: and went not.
- 21:31 Whether of them twain did the will of his father? They say unto him, The first. Jesus saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That the publicans and the harlots go into the kingdom of God before you.
- 21:32 For John came unto you in the way of righteousness, and ye believed him not: but the publicans and the harlots believed him: and ye, when ye had seen it, repented not afterward, that ye might believe him.
- 21:33 Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country:
- 21:34 And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it.
- 21:35 And the husbandmen took his servants, and beat one, and killed another, and stoned another.
- 21:36 Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they did unto them likewise.
- 21:37 But last of all he sent unto them his son, saying, They will reverence my son.
- 21:38 But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and let us seize on his inheritance.
- 21:39 And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him.
- 21:40 When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen?
- 21:41 They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons.
- 21:42 Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?
- 21:43 Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof.
- 21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.
- 21:45 And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them.
- 21:46 But when they sought to lay hands on him, they feared the multitude, because they took him for a prophet.
Who
- Who wrote the book? Matthew the apostle and tax collector is the author named by early church tradition. This is the historic attribution, not a personal signature in the Gospel. Biblical references: Matthew 9:9; Matthew 10:3. Historical source: Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.1.1; Anchor Bible Dictionary, Matthew, Gospel of. traditionally held
- Who was present or being addressed in this passage? In the surrounding chapter context (Matthew 21:1–21:46): Jesus enters Jerusalem before the crowds, acts in the temple, and answers the chief priests and elders. His disciples hear the lesson concerning the fig tree. stated in the text
- Who was the book written to? A Christian readership deeply familiar with Israel's Scriptures, commonly understood as substantially Jewish in background but also concerned with the Gentile mission. A particular congregation or city is not certain. Biblical references: Matthew 1:1; Matthew 5:17; Matthew 28:19. Historical source: Anchor Bible Dictionary, Matthew, Gospel of. book background
What
- What is the topic of this reading unit? Two sons and the tenants. Read Matthew 21:28 through Matthew 21:46 as a connected unit. interpretation
- How does it contribute to the book? The parables expose the difference between profession and obedience and the rejection of the owner's messengers and son. interpretation
When
- When are the events or message set? The narrative moves from Jesus' ancestry and birth through His ministry, death, resurrection, and commission. The Gospel does not state a modern calendar date for its composition. book background
Where
- What is the book’s geographic setting? The narrative includes Bethlehem, Egypt, Nazareth, Galilee, journeys, and Jerusalem. A discourse or parable can describe places other than where Jesus is speaking. book background
- Where does the context start? This passage sits in Two sons and the tenants (Matthew 21:28 to Matthew 21:46). Start reading at Matthew 21:28. An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
How
- How does this book connect with Jesus Christ? Jesus is the central figure. Matthew identifies Him as Emmanuel, explains His saving mission, and concludes with His authority and commission. Read each teaching with its original listeners and its place in the narrative. See Matthew 1:21, Matthew 1:23, Matthew 28:18, Matthew 28:19. interpretation
- How should this book guide our response? Join hearing Jesus' words with doing them. Distinguish instructions to named disciples on a particular mission from a general application, and keep conditions and warnings alongside promises. interpretation
Cited: Matthew 21:28, Matthew 21:46, Matthew 1:21, Matthew 1:23, Matthew 28:18, Matthew 28:19
Who wrote it, and how we know
Matthew (Levi), the apostle
From early tradition
What Scripture saysThe book does not name its author.
Early traditionEarly church testimony names Matthew the apostle, notably Papias in the early second century and Irenaeus later.
What is debatedThe name is not in the text. The titles were attached early but are not part of the original writing.
Old Testament prophecy and New Testament fulfillment
The notes distinguish explicit fulfillment statements from other explicit New Testament applications. They do not assume every detail of the surrounding prophecy has already been fulfilled.
The rejected stone
NT explicitly applies this passage
- Old Testament: Psalms 118:22–23
- New Testament: Matthew 21:33–46 (current passage)
- New Testament: Mark 12:1–12
- New Testament: Luke 20:9–19
- New Testament: Acts 4:8–12
- New Testament: 1 Peter 2:4–8
Jesus cites the rejected stone in the vineyard discourse. Acts and 1 Peter apply the stone to Jesus and explain the response to Him. This is an explicit NT application, not an isolated prediction reconstructed without its context.
Related passages
- Hear Matt 13:18 1 Kgs 22:19 Isa 1:10 Jer 19:3 Hos 4:1
- There Ps 80:8-16 Song 8:11-12 Isa 5:1-4 Jer 2:21 Mark 12:1 Luke 20:9-18 John 15:1
- husbandmen Matt 23:2 Deut 1:15-17 Deut 16:18 Deut 17:9-12 Deut 33:8-10 Mal 2:4-9
- went Matt 25:14-15 Mark 13:34 Luke 19:12
Cross references from CrossReferences-org (CC BY 4.0).
Macro-Structure
See how this passage fits the chapter and the book.
Matthew 21
This Gospel presents Jesus in relation to Israel's Scriptures and follows His teaching, death, resurrection, and commission. It does not name a specific original recipient. Read individual sayings within their narrative and discourse settings.
Matthew 1:1 Matthew 28:18 Matthew 28:19 Matthew 28:20
The fig tree and authority
Matthew 21:18–27FocusFaith and resistance
Connection to the wholeThe fig tree episode and leaders' challenge bring fruitfulness and the refusal to acknowledge divine authority into focus.
interpretation FocusResponse to God's claim
Connection to the wholeThe parables expose the difference between profession and obedience and the rejection of the owner's messengers and son.
interpretation Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.
Matthew
This Gospel presents Jesus in relation to Israel's Scriptures and follows His teaching, death, resurrection, and commission. It does not name a specific original recipient. Read individual sayings within their narrative and discourse settings.
Matthew 1:1 Matthew 28:18 Matthew 28:19 Matthew 28:20
The promised Messiah introduced
Matthew 1:1–4:16FocusOrigins and preparation
Connection to the wholeThe genealogy, birth, baptism, and temptation establish Jesus' identity and mission before His public preaching expands.
interpretation The kingdom proclaimed
Matthew 4:17–7:29FocusMinistry and the mountain discourse
Connection to the wholeJesus announces the kingdom, calls disciples, and teaches the righteousness and obedience that characterize His hearers' response.
interpretation Authority and mission
Matthew 8:1–10:42FocusWorks of mercy and sent disciples
Connection to the wholeHealings and other mighty works display Jesus' authority; He then commissions disciples and prepares them for opposition.
interpretation Responses to the kingdom
Matthew 11:1–13:58FocusOpposition, revelation, and parables
Connection to the wholeContrasting responses to Jesus lead into parables that explain hearing, growth, judgment, and the kingdom's value.
interpretation Following the Messiah
Matthew 14:1–18:35FocusIdentity, suffering, and community
Connection to the wholeJesus teaches disciples about His coming suffering and about humility, care for others, correction, and forgiveness.
interpretation FocusConflict, judgment, and watchfulness
Connection to the wholeThe journey to Jerusalem and temple disputes lead into warnings about judgment and the need for faithful readiness.
interpretation Death, resurrection, and commission
Matthew 26:1–28:20FocusThe crucified and risen Lord
Connection to the wholeJesus' passion and resurrection bring the narrative to the commission to teach all nations and obey His commands.
interpretation Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.