FocusCreation and the limits of human knowledge
Connection to the wholeThe LORD questions Job concerning the created order, confronting the limits of his knowledge and his attempt to contend with God.
interpretation Job 39:28
KJVShe dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong place.
Read it in context
God's Discourse on Creation: Animals
Start reading at Job 39:1 (Job 39:1 to Job 39:30).
This passage is part of God's speech to Job, specifically focusing on various wild animals and their unique characteristics, demonstrating God's wisdom and power in creation.
- 39:1 Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? or canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?
- 39:2 Canst thou number the months that they fulfil? or knowest thou the time when they bring forth?
- 39:3 They bow themselves, they bring forth their young ones, they cast out their sorrows.
- 39:4 Their young ones are in good liking, they grow up with corn; they go forth, and return not unto them.
- 39:5 Who hath sent out the wild ass free? or who hath loosed the bands of the wild ass?
- 39:6 Whose house I have made the wilderness, and the barren land his dwellings.
- 39:7 He scorneth the multitude of the city, neither regardeth he the crying of the driver.
- 39:8 The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing.
- 39:9 Will the unicorn be willing to serve thee, or abide by thy crib?
- 39:10 Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? or will he harrow the valleys after thee?
- 39:11 Wilt thou trust him, because his strength is great? or wilt thou leave thy labour to him?
- 39:12 Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy barn?
- 39:13 Gavest thou the goodly wings unto the peacocks? or wings and feathers unto the ostrich?
- 39:14 Which leaveth her eggs in the earth, and warmeth them in dust,
- 39:15 And forgetteth that the foot may crush them, or that the wild beast may break them.
- 39:16 She is hardened against her young ones, as though they were not hers: her labour is in vain without fear;
- 39:17 Because God hath deprived her of wisdom, neither hath he imparted to her understanding.
- 39:18 What time she lifteth up herself on high, she scorneth the horse and his rider.
- 39:19 Hast thou given the horse strength? hast thou clothed his neck with thunder?
- 39:20 Canst thou make him afraid as a grasshopper? the glory of his nostrils is terrible.
- 39:21 He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth on to meet the armed men.
- 39:22 He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted; neither turneth he back from the sword.
- 39:23 The quiver rattleth against him, the glittering spear and the shield.
- 39:24 He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage: neither believeth he that it is the sound of the trumpet.
- 39:25 He saith among the trumpets, Ha, ha; and he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting.
- 39:26 Doth the hawk fly by thy wisdom, and stretch her wings toward the south?
- 39:27 Doth the eagle mount up at thy command, and make her nest on high?
- 39:28 She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong place.
- 39:29 From thence she seeketh the prey, and her eyes behold afar off.
- 39:30 Her young ones also suck up blood: and where the slain are, there is she.
Who
- Who wrote the book? The author is unknown. Moses is one ancient traditional proposal, but neither that proposal nor another named author can be established with confidence. Historical source: Babylonian Talmud, Bava Batra 14b–15a (record of Jewish attribution, not contemporary proof). book background
- Who was present or being addressed in this passage? In the surrounding chapter context (Job 38:1–41:34): The LORD addresses Job out of the whirlwind; Job gives a brief response within the exchange. stated in the text
- Who was the book written to? Readers within Israel's wisdom tradition, wrestling with innocent suffering, justice, and the limits of human judgment. No named individual or first community is identified. Biblical references: Job 28:28; Job 42:7. book background
What
- What is the main event or theme? The main theme is God's description of the eagle's dwelling place, highlighting its natural instinct to reside in secure, high places. This is part of God's larger discourse to Job, demonstrating His wisdom and power in creation.
- What is God revealing? God is revealing His sovereign control over the natural world and the intricate design of His creatures, specifically the eagle's instinct to dwell in a strong and inaccessible place. This serves to illustrate His wisdom and Job's limited understanding.
- What is the literary style? The literary style is Hebrew poetry, characterized by descriptive language and rhetorical questions (implied by the broader context of God's questioning of Job).
When
- When was it written? The time when the book of Job was written is uncertain. book background
- When does the event take place? The events described in the book of Job occur during the patriarchal period. The description of the eagle's dwelling is a timeless observation of its natural behavior. book background
Where
- Where did it happen? The passage describes the eagle's dwelling place as "on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong place." stated in the text
- Where was the author located? The place where the author was located is uncertain. book background
- Where does the context start? This passage sits in God's Discourse on Creation: Animals (Job 39:1 to Job 39:30). Start reading at Job 39:1. This passage is part of God's speech to Job, specifically focusing on various wild animals and their unique characteristics, demonstrating God's wisdom and power in creation.
How
- How does it fit the broader context? This verse is part of God's extensive discourse to Job, where God challenges Job's understanding by detailing the characteristics and behaviors of various animals. It emphasizes God's wisdom and power in designing creation, which Job cannot comprehend or control, thereby humbling Job and affirming God's sovereignty. interpretation
- How does it point to Christ? The passage highlights God's wisdom and power in creating and sustaining the natural world, providing secure dwelling places for His creatures. All things were made by God, and the Son is the one through whom all things were made. This demonstration of divine power and provision in creation points to the ultimate source of all existence and security, which is God. interpretation
- How do I apply it today? This passage reminds us of God's meticulous design and provision in creation. It encourages us to trust in God's wisdom and power, knowing that He cares for His creation, from the wild eagle to mankind. It also serves to humble us, acknowledging that God's understanding and capabilities far surpass our own. interpretation
Cited: Job 39:28
Who wrote it, and how we know
Uncertain; among the oldest books of Scripture
Not known
What Scripture saysThe book does not name its author.
Early traditionJewish tradition (Baba Bathra 14b) suggested Moses, but ancient opinion varied widely.
What is debatedThe author is unknown and the date is uncertain. The setting appears patriarchal, but the book could have been written far later.
Macro-Structure
See how this passage fits the chapter and the book.
Macro-Structure of Job 39
Job contains narrative, lament, and extended disputation. The speakers must be identified before treating an assertion as the book's teaching: the LORD explicitly rebukes Job's friends near the end. Neither the author nor an exact historical date is stated. Local headings and stanza divisions are editorial reading aids adapted from public-domain BSB headings; verse boundaries and Scripture links use the KJV. Connections describe the surrounding book movement.
Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.
Macro-Structure of Job
Job contains narrative, lament, and extended disputation. The speakers must be identified before treating an assertion as the book's teaching: the LORD explicitly rebukes Job's friends near the end. Neither the author nor an exact historical date is stated.
Job's losses and the friends' arrival
Job 1:1–2:13FocusSuffering and the opening test
Connection to the wholeThe narrative establishes Job's losses and integrity before the speeches begin, giving readers information the disputing friends do not possess.
interpretation The lament and first exchange
Job 3:1–14:22FocusSuffering questioned and explained
Connection to the wholeJob's lament leads into the first cycle of speeches, in which the friends' explanations are challenged by Job's experience.
interpretation The second exchange
Job 15:1–21:34FocusAccusation and protest intensify
Connection to the wholeThe argument sharpens as the friends connect suffering with wickedness and Job challenges their account of the wicked's fortunes.
interpretation The final exchange and Job's defense
Job 22:1–31:40FocusWisdom and the demand for an answer
Connection to the wholeThe later speeches, poem on wisdom, and Job's final defense bring the dispute to the point of his appeal for an answer.
interpretation Elihu speaks
Job 32:1–37:24FocusClaims about God's justice and instruction
Connection to the wholeA new speaker responds to Job and the friends before the LORD's speeches begin; his speech must be distinguished from the divine answer.
interpretation FocusCreation and the limits of human knowledge
Connection to the wholeThe LORD questions Job concerning the created order, confronting the limits of his knowledge and his attempt to contend with God.
interpretation Job's response and the conclusion
Job 42:1–17FocusRepentance, rebuke, and restoration
Connection to the wholeJob responds, the friends are rebuked, and the narrative closes with intercession and restoration without turning every speech into endorsed doctrine.
interpretation Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.