FocusCreation and the limits of human knowledge
Job 38:7
KJVWhen the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
The LORD questions Job concerning the created order, confronting the limits of his knowledge and his attempt to contend with God.
- 38:1 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,
- 38:2 Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?
- 38:3 Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me.
- 38:4 Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding.
- 38:5 Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it?
- 38:6 Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof;
- 38:7 When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
- 38:8 Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb?
- 38:9 When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it,
- 38:10 And brake up for it my decreed place, and set bars and doors,
- 38:11 And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed?
- 38:12 Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; and caused the dayspring to know his place;
- 38:13 That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it?
- 38:14 It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment.
- 38:15 And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken.
- 38:16 Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? or hast thou walked in the search of the depth?
- 38:17 Have the gates of death been opened unto thee? or hast thou seen the doors of the shadow of death?
- 38:18 Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest it all.
- 38:19 Where is the way where light dwelleth? and as for darkness, where is the place thereof,
- 38:20 That thou shouldest take it to the bound thereof, and that thou shouldest know the paths to the house thereof?
- 38:21 Knowest thou it, because thou wast then born? or because the number of thy days is great?
- 38:22 Hast thou entered into the treasures of the snow? or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail,
- 38:23 Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war?
- 38:24 By what way is the light parted, which scattereth the east wind upon the earth?
- 38:25 Who hath divided a watercourse for the overflowing of waters, or a way for the lightning of thunder;
- 38:26 To cause it to rain on the earth, where no man is; on the wilderness, wherein there is no man;
- 38:27 To satisfy the desolate and waste ground; and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth?
- 38:28 Hath the rain a father? or who hath begotten the drops of dew?
- 38:29 Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it?
- 38:30 The waters are hid as with a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen.
- 38:31 Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
- 38:32 Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons?
- 38:33 Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth?
- 38:34 Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that abundance of waters may cover thee?
- 38:35 Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are?
- 38:36 Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the heart?
- 38:37 Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven,
- 38:38 When the dust groweth into hardness, and the clods cleave fast together?
- 38:39 Wilt thou hunt the prey for the lion? or fill the appetite of the young lions,
- 38:40 When they couch in their dens, and abide in the covert to lie in wait?
- 38:41 Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry unto God, they wander for lack of meat.
Who
- Who wrote the book? The author is unknown. Moses is one ancient traditional proposal, but neither that proposal nor another named author can be established with confidence. Historical source: Babylonian Talmud, Bava Batra 14b–15a (record of Jewish attribution, not contemporary proof). book background
- Who was present or being addressed in this passage? In the surrounding chapter context (Job 38:1–41:34): The LORD addresses Job out of the whirlwind; Job gives a brief response within the exchange. stated in the text
- Who was the book written to? Readers within Israel's wisdom tradition, wrestling with innocent suffering, justice, and the limits of human judgment. No named individual or first community is identified. Biblical references: Job 28:28; Job 42:7. book background
What
- What is the topic of this reading unit? The LORD Challenges Job. Read Job 38:1 through Job 38:41 as a connected unit. interpretation
- How does it contribute to the book? The LORD questions Job concerning the created order, confronting the limits of his knowledge and his attempt to contend with God. interpretation
When
- When are the events or message set? The book supplies no royal date or exact historical year for Job's experiences. Proposed patriarchal-era settings are historical inferences, not a date explicitly stated by the narrative. book background
Where
- What is the book’s geographic setting? Job is introduced as a man in the land of Uz. The poetic speeches range through imagined and remembered scenes that should not all be treated as the speakers' physical locations. book background
- Where does the context start? This passage sits in The LORD Challenges Job (Job 38:1 to Job 38:41). Start reading at Job 38:1. An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
How
- How does this book connect with Jesus Christ? James refers to Job's endurance and the Lord's compassion. Connections between Job's suffering and Christ may be considered as comparisons; Job's speeches should not all be treated as direct predictions of Jesus. See Job 1:1, James 5:11, Hebrews 4:15. interpretation
- How should this book guide our response? Do not assume that a sufferer's losses prove a hidden sin. Listen carefully, distinguish the speakers, and read their claims alongside the LORD's concluding rebuke of the friends. interpretation
Cited: Job 38:1, Job 38:41, Job 1:1, James 5:11, Hebrews 4:15
Who wrote it, and how we know
Related passages
- the morning Rev 2:28 Rev 22:16
- the sons Job 1:6 Job 2:1 Ps 104:4 Rev 5:11
- shouted Ezra 3:11-12 Zech 4:7
Cross references from CrossReferences-org (CC BY 4.0).
Macro-Structure
See how this passage fits the chapter and the book.
Macro-Structure of Job 38
Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.
Macro-Structure of Job
Job's losses and the friends' arrival
Job 1:1–2:13FocusSuffering and the opening test
The lament and first exchange
Job 3:1–14:22FocusSuffering questioned and explained
The second exchange
Job 15:1–21:34FocusAccusation and protest intensify
The final exchange and Job's defense
Job 22:1–31:40FocusWisdom and the demand for an answer
Elihu speaks
Job 32:1–37:24FocusClaims about God's justice and instruction
FocusCreation and the limits of human knowledge
Job's response and the conclusion
Job 42:1–17FocusRepentance, rebuke, and restoration
Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.